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Glass Composition, Glass Types
Related sites: Glass Properties on GlobalSpec, GlassOnWeb, MatWeb, Glass Global
A general overview about glass art, history, science, literature, social studies, and technology is available at the Corning Museum of Glass (view as PDF, 1.8 MB). Schott research and development summarized their physical and technical glass properties (1.5 MB). Numerous industrial glass compositions and their properties are included in the "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling".
The glass compositions on this website are given in molar percent (mol%). For conversions from mol% to percent by weight (wt%) a composition converter (Excel, 28 kB) can be used.
Soda-lime glass composition (containers, float glass e.g. for windows), mol%
|
|
Typical container glass |
Typical float glass |
Approximate limits |
|
SiO2 |
74.42 |
71.86 |
63-81 |
|
Al2O3 |
0.75 |
0.08 |
0-2 |
|
MgO |
0.30 |
5.64 |
0-6 |
|
CaO |
11.27 |
9.23 |
7-14 |
|
Li2O |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-2 |
|
Na2O |
12.9 |
13.13 |
9-15 |
|
K2O |
0.19 |
0.02 |
0-1.5 |
|
Fe2O3 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0-0.6 |
|
Cr2O3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-0.2 |
|
MnO2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-0.2 |
|
Co3O4 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-0.1 |
|
TiO2 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0-0.8 |
|
SO3 |
0.16 |
0.00 |
0-0.2 |
|
Se |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-0.1 |
E, D, R borosilicate glass compositions (textile fiber)
Approximate E glass composition in mol%:
|
|
Typical E glass |
Approximate limits |
|
SiO2 |
56.99 |
43-74 |
|
B2O3 |
6.12 |
0-8.5 |
|
Al2O3 |
8.78 |
6-10 |
|
MgO |
6.50 |
0.5-9 |
|
CaO |
19.64 |
15-28 |
|
Na2O |
0.61 |
0-2.5 |
|
K2O |
0.00 |
0-0.5 |
|
Fe2O3 |
0.13 |
0-0.3 |
|
TiO2 |
0.44 |
0-1 |
|
F |
0.70 |
0-2 |
E-, R-, and D-glass properties (from Saint-Gobain Vetrotex) (0.1 MB)
TV panel glass composition, in mol%
|
|
Typical TV panel glass |
Approximate limits |
|
SiO2 |
71.93 |
62-85 |
|
Al2O3 |
1.42 |
0.5-2.5 |
|
MgO |
0.00 |
0-2.7 |
|
CaO |
0.06 |
0-4.5 |
|
SrO |
6.23 |
0.5-7.5 |
|
BaO |
4.23 |
0.5-6.5 |
|
Li2O |
0.02 |
0-1.5 |
|
Na2O |
8.66 |
6-11 |
|
K2O |
5.63 |
4-7 |
|
Fe2O3 |
0.02 |
0-0.02 |
|
TiO2 |
0.38 |
0-0.5 |
|
CeO2 |
0.11 |
0-0.3 |
|
ZrO2 |
0.79 |
0-2 |
|
PbO |
0.00 |
0-1 |
|
ZnO |
0.44 |
0-1.5 |
|
As2O3 |
0.00 |
0-0.1 |
|
Sb2O3 |
0.07 |
0-0.2 |
|
F |
0.00 |
0-3 |
Further borosilicate glass compositions
Low expansion borosilicate glass, e.g. Pyrex TM, Kimax TM, Duran TM, or Jenaer Glas TM, approximate glass composition in mol%:
|
|
Typical low expansion borosilicate glass |
Approximate limits |
|
SiO2 |
83.34 |
65-85 |
|
B2O3 |
11.19 |
8-15 |
|
Al2O3 |
1.33 |
1-5 |
|
CaO |
0.03 |
0-2.5 |
|
Na2O |
4.08 |
3-9 |
|
K2O |
0.04 |
0-2 |
|
BaO |
0.00 |
0-1 |
Fiber wool borosilicate glass, approximate composition in mol%:
|
|
Typical fiber wool borosilicate glass |
Approximate limits |
|
SiO2 |
63.51 |
50-78 |
|
B2O3 |
2.89 |
2.5-9 |
|
Al2O3 |
2.92 |
0-4 |
|
MgO |
5.22 |
1.5-8 |
|
CaO |
8.97 |
5-15 |
|
Na2O |
15.70 |
12-18 |
|
K2O |
0.54 |
0-1.5 |
|
Fe2O3 |
0.12 |
0-0.3 |
|
F |
0.00 |
0-2.5 |
|
SO3 |
0.13 |
0-0.2 |
Alkali-free glass compositions
Flat panel displays, example glass composition in mol%:
SiO2: 70
B2O3: 10
Al2O3: 10
CaO: 6
SrO: 3
BaO: 1
Solid oxide fuel cell glass-ceramic seal, example glass composition in mol% [1]:
SiO2: 35.0
B2O3: 9.4
BaO: 35.8
CaO: 12.6
MgO: 0.9
Al2O3: 5.2
ZrO2: 1.2
Fused silica
Fused silica glass is pure silicon dioxide (100% SiO2) in the non-crystalline state. It is very difficult to fabricate, so it is the most expensive of all glasses. It can sustain operating temperatures up to 1200oC for short periods.
Lead glass composition
Alkali-free lead glasses for electrical applications, example glass composition in mol% [2]:
SiO2: 62.9
B2O3: 13.6
Al2O3: 2.6
MgO: 10.3
ZrO2: 2.1
PbO: 8.5
Lead glasses for art work (crystal glass), approximate glass composition in mol%:
PbO: > 8
...
Lead glasses for thermometer tubing, approximate glass composition in mol%:
...
Glass for waste immobilization
[1] Z. Yang, J. W. Stevenson, K. D. Meinhardt; "Chemical interactions of barium-calcium-aluminosilicate-based sealing glasses with oxidation resistant alloys", Solid State Ionics 160 (2003), p 213� 225 (available online at ScienceDirect)
[2] Z. Q. Zeng, P. Hing: "Preparation and thermal expansion behavior of glass coatings for electronic applications"; Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 75, Issues 1-3 , 28 April 2002, p 260-264 (available online at ScienceDirect)